Evaluation of Effect of Organic Fertilizer’s Treatments and Soil Compaction on the Qualitative Traits of Sport Lawn in Different Seasons
Keywords:
Appearance quality, Chlorophyll, Media, Roller, TrafficAbstract
Natural structure of lawn brings about the sensitivity of it to climate conditions and imposed destructive forces during its use. In this study, the effect of several types of organic fertilizers including leaf mold (LM), rice husk (RH), livestock manure, spent mushroom compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and livestock manure (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer) along with several levels of compaction including roller weighted of 36, 56 and 76 kilograms were studied on the change qualitative traits of sport lawn in different seasons. An experiment was conducted at the strip plot design in three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-2009. According to the results, the chlorophyll rate in the fall was higher than winter and spring. With the comparison of the cover rate, density and height, it was observed that in different seasons, the highest and lowest rate of these attributes was related to spring and summer respectively.
Downloads
References
Adavi, Z., Razmjo, K.H. & Mobli, M. (2005). The study of compatibility ten cultivars of Cynodon sp. in Isfahan climate condition. J. Sci. Hortic. Technol., 6(1): 1-14.
Arghavani, M., Mohsen, K., Khalighi, A. & Naderi, R. (2007). The effect of various culture media and netting on some sod quality traits. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 37(6): 1023–1029.
Bidoki, M., Sadeghian shahi, M.R., Sodaii Zade, H. & Aghamashrote, H. (2002). Reinforced natural lawn in sport fields with use of polymer networks. J. Harekat, 13: 129-141.
Carrow, R.N., Duncan, R.R., Worley, J.E. & Shearman, R.C. (2001). Turfgrass traffic (soil compaction plus wear) simulator: Response of Paspalum vaginatum and Cynodon spp. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J., 9: 253-258.
Elyas Azar, K.H. (1995). General and personal soil science. Jahad Daneshgahi Press, Urmia.
Fallahian, A. (2006). Technology, construction and lawn maintenance. Jahad-Daneshgahi Mashhad Press.
Ghorbanli, M. & Babalar, M. (2003). Mineral Nutrition in Plant. Teacher Training University Publisher, Tehran, pp. 355.
Hopkins, W.G. (1999). Introduction to plant physiology. 2nd edn., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, pp. 512.
Kafi, M. & Kaviani, Sh. (2002). Managing the construction and maintenance of turfgrass. Shaghayegh Roosta Publications, Tehran, Iran, pp. 230.
Kohlmeier, G.P. & Eggens, J.L. (1983). The influence of wear and nitrogen on creeping bentgrass growth. Can. J. Plant Sci., 63(1): 189-193. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps83-019.
Malakouti, M.J. & Homaee, M. (2004). Soil fertility in arid and semi-arid regions “Problems and Solutions”. Tarbiat Modares University Press, Iran.
Meyer, B.S., Anderson, D.B., Bohning, R.H. & Fratianne, D.G. (1973). Introduction to Plant Physiology. 2nd ed., D. Van Nostrand Co., New York.
Minner, D.D. & Valverde, F.J. (2004). Effect of soil moisture content and various traffic intensities on the performance of Kentucky bluegrass. 2004 Iowa State Turfgrass Research Report, pp. 62-66.
Minner, D.D. & Valverde, F.J. (2004). Traffic tolerance of cool season seedling turf under simulated football traffic-multiple seeding trial. 2004 Iowa State Turfgrass Research Report, pp. 69-70.
Minner, D.D. & Valverde, F.J. (2005). Performance of established cool-season grass species under simulated traffic. Int. Turfgrass Soc. Res. J., 10: 393–397.
Soltani, A. (2007). Application of SAS in statistical analysis. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran.
Tehranifar, E., Haghighi, M., Kafi, M., Varavi Neghad, G.H. & Nemati, H. (2005). Effect of mulch type and planting time by method of hydro mulching on the quantitative and qualitative traits of mixture turf Lolium and Cynodon. Proceedings of the 4th Iranian Horticultural Sciences Congress, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
Trenholm, L.E., Carrow, R.N. & Duncan, R.R. (2000). Mechanisms of Wear Tolerance in Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass. Crop Sci., 40(5): 1350–1357. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2000.4051350x.
Trenholm, L.E. (2000). Minimizing Traffic Damage to Your Florida Lawn. UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, FL.
Trenholm, L.E., Carrow, R.N. & Duncan, R.R. (2001). Potassium for Enhancement of Turfgrass Wear Tolerance. Better Crops, 85(2): 14-17.
Vanini, J.T., Henderson, J.J., Sorochan, J.C. & Rogers, J.N. (2007). Evaluating Traffic Stress by the Brinkman Traffic Simulator and Cady Traffic Simulator on a Kentucky Bluegrass Stand. Crop Sci., 47(2): 782–784. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0500.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 The author(s) retains the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
