Submissions

Author Guidelines

Manuscript Preparation

Thank you for considering Advances in BioScience for the publication of your research. To ensure a smooth review and publication process, please adhere to the following manuscript preparation guidelines.

General Formatting

• File Format: Submit manuscripts in English in Microsoft Word (.docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) files. PDF files are not accepted for initial submission.
• Font and Spacing: Use Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced throughout the manuscript.
• Margins: Set 1-inch (2.54 cm) margins on all sides.
• Page Numbers: Include page numbers in the footer of each page.
• Line Numbers: Number all lines consecutively throughout the manuscript to facilitate the review process.

Title Page Information

• Title: Title of the manuscript.
• Authors: Full names, affiliations, ORCIDs and contact information of all authors.
• Corresponding Author: Clearly indicate the corresponding author with an asterisk (*) and provide a complete address. An email address and phone number should also be provided for correspondence purposes.
• Running Head: A shortened version of the title, usually no more than 50 characters.

Author Names

Full names of all authors should be provided, including first name, middle initial (if applicable), and last name. Each name should be followed by a superscript number that corresponds to their institutional affiliation.

Abstract and Keywords

• Abstract: A concise summary (typically 150-250 words) that encapsulates the main points of your manuscript, including the research question, methodology, key findings, and the significance of your contribution. Write it in clear and concise language understandable to a broad scientific audience.
• Keywords: Provide a list of 4-6 relevant keywords that accurately describe the content of your manuscript. These keywords will help researchers discover your work through search engines.

Manuscript Types

• Research Articles
• Review Articles
• Perspectives/Opinions
• Short communications
• Case Studies

Manuscript Structure

Academic publications come in various types, each with its own structure and required sections. Below is a list of common sections and elements for different types of academic publications:

Research Articles

Research articles are In-depth reports presenting original research findings (Word count: 4,000-10,000 words).

• Title: Provide a concise and informative title that reflects the main focus of the research.
• Introduction: Clearly state the research question, objectives, and significance of the study.
• Materials and Methods: Describe the research design, materials, procedures, and statistical methods used.
• Results: Present findings in a logical sequence, using tables and figures as necessary.
• Discussion: Interpret results, compare with existing literature, and discuss implications.
• Conclusion: Summarize key findings and suggest avenues for future research.
• Acknowledgments: Include any acknowledgments for funding, support, or assistance.
• References: Follow the journal's referencing style guide (e.g., CSE style). Ensure references are accurate and up-to-date.

Review Articles

Review articles provide a critical analysis of current research on a specific topic (Word count: 4,000-9,000 words).

• Title: Concise and informative, accurately reflecting the review's scope (avoid abbreviations).
• Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic, highlighting its significance and outlining the review's purpose and focus areas.
• Body: Critically analyze the topic using subheadings. Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the research, and identify emerging themes.
• Conclusion: Briefly summarize the main points, emphasize the review's contribution, and propose future research directions.
• References: Follow the journal's referencing style guide (e.g., CSE style). Ensure references are accurate and up-to-date.

Case Studies

Case studies present detailed reports of individual cases that provide insight into specific phenomena (Word count: 2,000-5,000 words).

• Title: A concise and descriptive title that reflects the case study's focus and outcome.
• Introduction: Briefly introduce the case study subject, the challenge faced, and why it's interesting or instructive.
• Background Information: Provide essential context about the organization, situation, or problem being addressed.
• Analysis/Research (Optional): If applicable, outline the methods used to gather information for the case study.
• Intervention/Solution: Describe the actions taken to address the challenge or situation in detail.
• Evaluation/Results: Discuss the outcomes of the intervention. Use data and metrics to quantify the impact and support your claims.
• Analysis & Discussion: Explain the significance of the findings. How do the results contribute to existing knowledge in the field? Highlight limitations, if any.
• Conclusion: Briefly summarize the key takeaways from the case study, reiterating the challenge, solution, and impactful outcomes.
• References: List all sources cited according to the publication's style guide.

Perspectives

Perspectives provide personal insights or opinions on a current topic of interest in the field (Word count: 2,000-4,000 words).

• Title: Clearly convey the perspective or viewpoint being presented.
• Introduction: Introduce the perspective and its relevance.
• Main Content: Present the perspective with supporting arguments and evidence.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main points and potential implications.
• References: Follow the journal's citation style guide.

Opinions

Opinion pieces are shorter articles that present a specific viewpoint on a contentious or emerging issue (Word count: 1,000-3,000 words).

• Title: Clearly express the opinion or viewpoint.
• Introduction: Introduce the opinion and its context.
• Main Content: Present the opinion with supporting arguments.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main points and potential implications.
• References: Follow the journal's citation style guide.

Short Communications

Short communications report concise findings that are of immediate interest but do not warrant a full-length paper (Word count: 1,500-3,000 words).

• Title: Clearly convey the main idea or finding.
• Introduction: Briefly introduce the context and purpose.
• Main Content: Present the main findings or ideas concisely.
• Conclusion: Summarize the key points and implications.
• References: Follow the journal's citation style guide.

Citation Style

Advances in BioScience follows the Council of Science Editors (CSE) style of in-text citations. In-text citations in CSE style are designed to give brief credit to sources within the text of your work, leading readers to the full citations in your reference list. Here are the main rules and examples for in-text citations:

• In-text citations must be in parentheses and include the author's last name and the year of publication of the source, separated by a space, not a comma (e.g., Smith 2023).
• Place the citation immediately after the information it supports, typically at the end of the sentence before the period.
• When citing a source with a single author, use the author's last name and year of publication (e.g., Smith 2023).
• If there are two authors, their last names should be separated by "and" (e.g., Smith and Jones 2023).
• For sources with three or more authors, the last name of the first author, followed by "et al." should be used (e.g., Smith et al. 2023).
• When citing multiple sources for the same information, separate them with a semicolon within the same parenthesis (e.g., Smith 2023; Doe 2019; Brown et al. 2018).
• Page numbers should be included when citing part of a source or a direct quotation. Use the abbreviation “p.” before the page number(s) [e.g., (Smith 2023, p. 45) or Smith (2023, p. 45) determined that...].
• If the author's last name is already mentioned in the sentence, only include the year in parentheses (e.g., A recent study by Smith (2023) found...).
• If both the author name and year are clearly mentioned in the text, there is no need to include a parenthetical reference (e.g., In 2023, Smith determined that......)

Reference List Format

When preparing your manuscript for submission to Advances in Bioscience, format your reference list according to the CSE style, with a section titled "References" directly below the concluding text of your document that lists all sources cited in the text. Below are detailed guidelines and examples for different types of sources:

• Arrange all references alphabetically in the reference list.
• List all authors by last name followed by first and middle initial without periods or spaces. Do not use commas between the last name and the first initial. Separate multiple authors with a comma and no "and" before the last author (e.g., Smith AB, Jones CD).
• Include all authors listed in the original source (up to ten) for each reference. If there are more than ten, list the first ten followed by "et al." (e.g., Johnson AB, Smith CD, Lee EF, Garcia GH, Miller IJ, Wilson KL, Moore MN, Brown OP, Davis QR, Walker ST, et al. 2024.).
• Place the year after the last author's name, followed by a period (e.g., Smith AB. 2023.).
• When listing multiple citations by the same author(s), arrange them chronologically by their publication date, starting with the oldest work.
• When citing multiple works by the same author published in the same year, distinguish them by adding a lowercase letter (a, b, c, etc.) after the year in both the in-text citation (e.g., Smith et al. 2023a; Smith et al. 2023b) and the reference list entry.
• Book or article titles should be in sentence case (capitalize only the first word and proper nouns).
• Journal titles are abbreviated according to the International Standard Organization (ISO) 4 standard. Omit articles, conjunctions, and prepositions (e.g., a, the, and, of, to). Periods are not used in the abbreviation. Do not abbreviate single-word journal titles. Resources like PubMed or specific journal websites can help with abbreviation accuracy.
• For journal articles include the volume number, issue number (if applicable), and page numbers (e.g., 32(4):123-135).
• For books, include the edition (if applicable), place of publication, publisher, and page numbers (e.g., Edition (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher. p. Page numbers).
• If available, also include the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) after the page numbers.
• Double-check all reference details for accuracy and completeness. Ensure all sources cited within your writing are included in the reference list, even if paraphrased.

Examples of Common Reference Types

Journal Articles

• Format: Last Name and Initial(s) of Author [followed by last names and initials of other authors, if any]. Year of Publication. Article title [Sentence case, no quotes or italics]. Journal title [Abbreviated according to ISO 4]. Volume Number (Issue Number in parentheses): Page Numbers separated by a colon. DOI (if available).
• Example: Smith AB, Brown CD, Garcia EF. 2021. Impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior. Fish Behav Res. 34(1):45-58. https://doi.org/10.1234/fishbehavres.2021.789012.

Books

• Format: Last Name and Initial(s) of Author [Followed by Last Name and Initial(s) of Other Authors, if Any]. Year of Publication. Title of Book. Edition number (if it's not the first edition). Place of Publication: Publisher. Number of Pages.
• Example: Johnson AB, Smith CD, Lee EF. 2020. Advances in genetics. 3rd ed. London: Genetic Press. p. 800.

• Format: Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s) or Name of performing Organization/Department [Abbreviation of Organization or Department]. Year of Publication. Title of the report. Place of publication: Publisher. Report number (if applicable). Number of pages.
• Example: Smith J, Jones M. 2024. Effects of nitrogen on plant growth. Davis (CA): Department of Plant Biology, University of California. Report No.: PB-2024-01. "OR" National Institutes of Health (US). 1995. The impact of global climate change on infectious disease patterns. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health. Report No.: NIH Pub. No. 95-3740. p. 150.
   

Note: Use Scientific or Technical Reports judiciously for supplementary information, background details, or data sources with caution and proper evaluation. Prioritize peer-reviewed sources whenever possible.

For any references not covered above, please refer to the CSE Style Publication Manual or consult the CSE Style website. Ensure all references are complete and accurate to facilitate the review and publication process.

• Clarity and Readability: Ensure both figures and tables are clear, concise, and easy to understand for readers. This includes using high-quality fonts, sharp lines/grids (tables), and appropriate color schemes (figures).
• Placement: Refer to figures and tables within the text and place them after the first mention (read order). Don't submit them as separate files unless requested by the journal.
• Numbering: Figures and tables should be numbered sequentially throughout the document (e.g., "Figure 1, Figure 2," "Table 1, Table 2").
• Titles and Legends: Provide a concise and descriptive caption and title for each figure and table, placed below the figure or above the table, respectively. Legends should provide a detailed explanation of the figure/table content, including abbreviations, symbols, and data sources.
• Consistency: Maintain a consistent style and format for all figures and tables throughout the document.
• Referencing in Text: Always refer to figures and tables in the text by their number (e.g., "As shown in Figure 2, ...").
• Original Editable Format: If possible, provide both figures and tables in their original editable formats (e.g., .docx for figures created in Word, .xls for tables created in Excel) for potential editing by the publisher. Avoid using images of tables.
• Resolution and Format: Ensure high resolution for figures (e.g., 300 dpi for color images, 600 dpi for grayscale/combination images, 1200 dpi for line art) and use common file formats like JPEG, PNG, or TIFF for submission.
• Table structure: Use horizontal lines to separate headers from data, avoid vertical lines within the table, and ensure consistency in font and size.

Headings and Subheadings

• Use a hierarchical numbering system to organize sections and subsections.
• Primary headings (Level 1) are numbered with single digits (e.g., 1, 2, 3).
• Subheadings (Level 2) use two levels of numbering (e.g., 1.1, 1.2).
• Sub-subheadings (Level 3) use three levels of numbering (e.g., 1.1.1, 1.1.2).
• All headings and subheadings should be left-aligned to maintain a clean, organized appearance.

Example Format

Level 1 Heading: INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSION

• Bold, capitalized for main sections and in a larger font size.
• Numbered with single digits.
• Left-aligned.

Level 2 Heading: Subheading within the main sections of your manuscript.

• Bold for subsections.
• Numbered with two levels.
• Left-aligned.

Level 3 Heading: Subheading within the level 2 sections.

• Italicized for sub-subsections.
• Numbered with three levels.
• Left-aligned.

Units

• Use the International System of Units (SI) for all measurements to ensure standardization [e.g., meters (m), liters (L), grams (g), seconds (s), molar (M)].
• Place a space between the numerical value and the unit (e.g., 25 m, 10 kg, 37 °C).
• If non-SI units are necessary, provide SI equivalents in parentheses [e.g., The length of the specimen was 5 inches (12.7 cm)].
• Use standard unit symbols and abbreviations in the text (e.g., "The enzyme activity peaked at 310 K" not "310 Kelvin").

Equations

• Equations should be indented on the left margin, numbered on the right margin, and defined in a clear and understandable way.
• Number equations consecutively throughout the manuscript, placing the numbers in parentheses at the right margin.

E=mc²                                   (1)

• Use italics for variables (e.g., x, y, E).
• Refer to equations in the text by their number (e.g., As shown in Equation (1)...).
• Clearly define all variables and symbols the first time they appear in the text (e.g., In Equation (1), E represents energy, m represents mass, and c represents the speed of light).

Manuscript Submission

Authors can submit their manuscripts through our online submission system (Login or Register to make a submission) using OJS, an efficient and user-friendly online submission platform. This system allows authors to create an account, upload their manuscript, track the review process, and communicate with the editors. Steps typically include registering on the journal's website, filling out submission forms, and uploading the necessary files.

Alternatively, manuscripts can be submitted via email to editor[at]sospublication[dot]co[dot]in. Please note that email submissions may experience slight delays in processing compared to online submissions.

Please note: Regardless of the submission method, all required documents must be included in your submission package.