Submissions

Author Guidelines

Manuscript Preparation

Thank you for considering Advances in BioScience for the publication of your research. To ensure a smooth review and publication process, please adhere to the following manuscript preparation guidelines.

General Formatting

• File Format: Submit manuscripts in English in Microsoft Word (.docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) files. PDF files are not accepted for initial submission. The journal may also accept submissions in Markdown (.md) format upon prior approval from the Editorial Office.
• Font and Spacing: Use Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced throughout the manuscript.
• Margins: Set 1-inch (2.54 cm) margins on all sides.
• Page Numbers: Include page numbers in the footer of each page.
• Line Numbers: Number all lines consecutively throughout the manuscript to facilitate the review process.

Title Page Information

• Title: Provide a concise, informative title that reflects the main focus of the manuscript.
• Authors: List full names, affiliations, ORCID IDs, and contact information for all authors.
• Corresponding Author: Clearly indicate the corresponding author with an asterisk (*) and provide a complete postal address, email address, and phone number for correspondence.
• Running Head: Include a shortened version of the title (no more than 50 characters).

Author Names

Provide the full names of all authors, including first name, middle initial (if applicable), and last name. Each name should be followed by a superscript number corresponding to the author’s institutional affiliation.

Abstract and Keywords

• Abstract: Provide a concise summary (150–250 words) outlining the research question, methodology, key findings, and significance. Write in clear and accessible language for a broad scientific audience.
• Keywords: Provide a list of 4-6 relevant keywords that accurately describe the content of your manuscript. These keywords will help researchers discover your work through search engines.

Manuscript Types

Advances in BioScience accepts the following types of manuscripts:

• Research Articles
• Review Articles
• Perspectives
• Opinions
• Case Studies
• Short communications

Manuscript Structure

Academic publications vary in structure depending on their type. The following outlines the general requirements for each manuscript type.

Research Articles

In-depth reports presenting original research findings (Word count: 4,000–10,000 words).

Sections:

• Title: Concise and informative, reflecting the study’s main focus.
• Introduction: State the research question, objectives, and significance.
• Materials and Methods: Describe research design, materials, procedures, and statistical analyses.
• Results: Present findings clearly, using tables and figures as needed.
• Discussion: Interpret results, compare with existing literature, and discuss implications.
• Conclusion: Summarize key findings and suggest future research directions.
• Acknowledgments: Include funding sources, institutional support, and acknowledgments of assistance.
• References: Follow the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style. Ensure all citations are accurate and up-to-date.

Review Articles

Critical analyses of current research on a specific topic (Word count: 4,000–9,000 words).

Sections:

• Title: Concise and informative, reflecting the scope of the review.
• Introduction: Introduce the topic, highlight its significance, and define the review’s purpose.
• Body: Organize content using subheadings. Critically analyze relevant literature, discussing strengths, limitations, and emerging trends.
• Conclusion: Summarize main insights, contributions, and future research directions.
• References: Follow the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style. Ensure all citations are accurate and current.

Perspectives

Personal insights or viewpoints on a current issue in the field (Word count: 2,000–4,000 words).

Sections:

• Title: Clearly convey the viewpoint or focus.
• Introduction: Outline the topic’s relevance and background.
• Main Content: Present the perspective supported by arguments or evidence.
• Conclusion: Summarize key insights and potential implications.
• References: Follow the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style.

Opinions

Short articles presenting a specific viewpoint on an emerging or contentious issue (Word count: 1,000–3,000 words).

Sections:

• Title: Clearly express the opinion or argument.
• Introduction: Introduce the issue and context.
• Main Content: Present the argument supported by reasoning and evidence.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main points and implications.
• References: Follow the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style.

Case Studies

Detailed reports of individual cases providing insights into specific phenomena (Word count: 2,000–5,000 words).

Sections:

• Title: Concise and descriptive, reflecting the case focus and outcome.
• Introduction: Introduce the case and its relevance.
• Background Information: Provide essential context for understanding the case.
• Analysis/Research (Optional): Describe any methods used to gather or analyze data.
• Intervention/Solution: Detail the actions taken to address the issue.
• Evaluation/Results: Present the outcomes, supported by data or evidence.
• Analysis & Discussion: Interpret findings, discuss implications, and note limitations.
• Conclusion: Summarize key lessons and contributions.
• References: Follow the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style.

Short Communications

Brief reports presenting concise findings of immediate relevance (Word count: 1,500–3,000 words).

Sections:

• Title: Clearly convey the main finding or focus.
• Introduction: Provide context and purpose.
• Main Content: Present findings concisely, with essential data.
• Conclusion: Summarize key points and implications.
• References: Follow the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style.

Citation Style

Advances in BioScience follows the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style, as recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). This system uses numerical citations in the text, corresponding to a sequentially numbered reference list at the end of the manuscript.

In-text Citations

• Cite references sequentially in the order they appear in the text.
• Use Arabic numerals either in parentheses (1) or as superscripts¹, and ensure the numbering corresponds exactly to the reference list.
• Place the citation immediately after the information it supports, usually before the period. Example: The results were consistent with previous studies (1).
• When citing the same source more than once, use the same reference number throughout the manuscript.
• For multiple references, list each number separated by commas, without spaces. Use a hyphen to indicate a range. Example: Several studies have supported this finding (2,3,5–7).
• Page numbers should be included when citing a specific part of a source (e.g., (5, p.45)).
• If you include the author’s name in the sentence, place the reference number immediately after the name. Example: Smith (4) reported similar observations.
• For tables and figures, include reference numbers in their legends when applicable.
• Ensure that all cited references appear in the reference list and that all references listed are cited in the text

Reference List Format

When preparing your manuscript for submission to Advances in BioScience, format your reference list according to the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style. This system presents in-text citations as numbers corresponding to a numbered reference list at the end of the document. References should be listed in the order in which they appear in the text, rather than alphabetically. Detailed guidelines and examples for different types of sources are provided below:

General Formatting Rules

• Number references consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text.
• Use Arabic numerals followed by periods and a space when listing references (e.g., 1., 2., 3.).
  List all authors when there are six or fewer; when there are more than six authors, list the first six followed by et al.
• Format author names as the surname followed by initials without periods or spaces, and separate multiple authors with commas; end the author list with a period.
• Use sentence case for article titles: capitalize only the first word and proper nouns; do not use quotation marks; end the article title with a period.
• Abbreviate journal titles according to Index Medicus (PubMed/ISO 4) standards; do not italicize journal titles; capitalize significant words in the abbreviation; do not use periods in abbreviated titles; end the journal title with a period followed by a space.
• Place the year of publication immediately after the journal title and follow it with a semicolon.
• Follow the volume immediately with the issue in parentheses, then a colon.
• Use a hyphen to separate page numbers and end with a period.
• Do not use spaces between the year, volume, issue, and page numbers (e.g., 2022;15(4):221-8).
• Include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) when available and do not add a period after the DOI.
• Include only those sources cited in your work.
• Double-check all reference details for completeness and accuracy.

Examples of Common Reference Types

Journal Articles

Format: Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;Volume(Issue):Page range. DOI (if available)

• Article with DOI: Fukami M, Ogata T, Hattori A. Why are men taller than women? Genetic and hormonal factors involved in sex differences in human height. J Hum Genet. 2025;70:609-10. doi:10.1038/s10038-025-01384-4
• More than six authors: Murray CJ, Ezzati M, Flaxman AD, Lim S, Lozano R, Michaud C, et al. GBD 2010: design, definitions, and metrics. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2063-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61899-6

Books

Format: Author(s). Title of book. Edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Page count.

• Example: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th ed. New York: Garland Science; 2014. 1464 p.

Book Chapters

Format: Author(s) of chapter. Title of chapter. In: Editor(s), editor(s). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page range.

• Example: Lodish HF. Signal transduction. In: Krebs CG, Goldstein E, editors. Metabolic control and regulation. 6th ed. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 2000. p. 609-30.

Edited Books

Format: Editor(s), editor(s). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Page count.

• Example: Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 20th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.

Conference proceedings (as a book)

Format: Editor(s), editor(s). Title of conference proceedings. Number and name of conference; date of conference; Place of conference. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Page count.

• Example: Smith MJ, Jones AK, editors. Advances in plant genomics. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Plant Molecular Biology; 2023 Jun 1-5; Kyoto, Japan. New York (NY): Springer Nature; 2023. 260 p.

Conference papers (in proceedings)

Format: Author(s). Title of paper. In: Editor(s), editor(s). Title of conference proceedings. Number and name of conference; date of conference; Place of Conference. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. Page range.

• Example (Authored Report): Smith J, Jones M. Effects of nitrogen on plant growth. Davis (CA): Department of Plant Biology, University of California; 2024. Report No.: PB-2024-01.
• Example (Organizational Report): World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 4th ed. Geneva: WHO; 2011.

Use scientific or technical reports cautiously; prioritize peer-reviewed research.

For any reference type not listed here, consult ICMJE/Vancouver guidelines or NLM's Citing Medicine.

Headings and Subheadings

To ensure clarity, readability, and a coherent organizational structure, Advances in BioScience follows a hierarchical, unnumbered heading system. Although the journal uses the Vancouver (numbered) referencing style, section headings themselves remain unnumbered, consistent with common practices in biological and biomedical science publishing.

General Guidelines

• Use a clear, hierarchical structure to organize sections and subsections.
• Do not number headings; numbering applies only to references.
• Maintain consistent formatting across all heading levels throughout the manuscript.

Level 1 Headings (Main Sections)

• Examples include: INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS (or METHODS), RESULTS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION.
• Format in bold, left-aligned, and in UPPERCASE.
• Represent primary divisions of the manuscript.

Level 2 Headings (Subsections)

• Use for major subsections within a Level 1 section.
• Format in bold, left-aligned, and in sentence case.
• Keep clear and descriptive (e.g., “Study design,” “Data collection,” “Statistical analysis”).

Level 3 Headings (Sub-subsections)

• Use Level 3 headings only when additional structure is required within Level 2 sections.
• Format the heading in bold italic and in sentence case.
• Place the heading at the beginning of the first line of the paragraph, followed by a period.
• Use Level 3 headings sparingly to avoid unnecessary fragmentation of the text.

Consistency and Readability

• Ensure uniform font type, size, spacing, and alignment across all headings.
• Keep headings concise and informative.
• Avoid abbreviations in headings unless widely recognized in the field.

Units

General Principles:

• Use SI units (International System of Units) as the standard for all measurements throughout the manuscript.
• Place a single space between the number and the unit (e.g., 25 kg, 37 °C, 5 mL), except for the percentage sign (25%) and degrees of angle (45°).
• Use lowercase or uppercase unit symbols according to SI conventions (e.g., m for meter, L for liter, g for gram, Pa for pascal).
• Do not use periods after unit abbreviations (write mg not mg.) unless the abbreviation appears at the end of a sentence.
• Use singular form for all units (write 10 mg not 10 mgs).
• Follow consistent unit formatting throughout the manuscript, including text, tables, figures, and supplementary materials.
• Use numerals for all measurements (write 5 mL not five mL).
• Include a leading zero before decimal values less than one (e.g., 0.5 g, not .5 g).

Common Units:

• For length, use km, m, cm, mm, μm (not micron), and nm.
• For mass, use kg, g, mg, μg (not mcg), ng, and pg.
• For volume, use L (capital to avoid confusion with number 1), mL, μL, and dL.
• For temperature, use °C (degrees Celsius) or K (Kelvin without degree symbol).
• For time, use s, min, h, d, wk, mo, and year.
• For concentration, use M or mol/L, mM, μM, nM, mg/mL, μg/mL, %, and ppm.

Biological Science Specifics:

• Write pH values as "pH 7.4" with no units and a space after pH.
• Express centrifugation as × g (times gravity), such as "10,000 × g for 10 min" not rpm.
• Use nm (nanometers) for wavelength measurements (e.g., "absorbance at 450 nm").
• Write P values as italic capital P with appropriate spacing (P < 0.05 or P = 0.032).
• Express standard deviation using ± symbol (e.g., 25.3 ± 2.1 mg/dL).
• Write sample size as n or N in italic (e.g., n = 50).
• Express fold change as "2-fold" or "×2".
• Write cell density as cells/mL or cells/cm².
• Express CO₂ concentration as percentage (e.g., 5% CO₂).
• Use Osm/L or mOsm/L for osmolarity measurements.
• For molecular biology, use bp, kb, Mb for base pairs and Da, kDa for daltons.

Symbols and Formatting:

• For molecular biology, use bp, kb, Mb for base pairs and Da, kDa for daltons.
• Use proper Greek symbols (α, β, γ, μ) not Latin letter equivalents.
• Write μg not ug, and μL not uL using proper Greek letter mu.
• Use proper subscripts and superscripts (CO₂, H₂O, m², cm³, 10⁶).
• Use period (.) not comma (,) as decimal point in English-language journals.

Abbreviations:

• Define abbreviations at first use with full term followed by abbreviation in parentheses (e.g., “polymerase chain reaction (PCR)”).
• After defining an abbreviation, use it consistently throughout the manuscript.
• Use only standard abbreviations and do not create new ones.

Conversions:

When including non-SI units for clinical relevance, provide the SI equivalent in parentheses.

Tables and Figures:

• Include units for all measurements in tables and figures.
• State units in axis labels and in column headers for tables, not in the data body.

Equations

• Equations should be indented on the left margin, numbered on the right margin, and defined in a clear and understandable way.
• Number equations consecutively throughout the manuscript, placing the numbers in parentheses at the right margin.

E=mc²                                   (1)

• Use italics for variables (e.g., x, y, E).
• Refer to equations in the text by their number (e.g., As shown in Equation (1)...).
• Clearly define all variables and symbols the first time they appear in the text (e.g., In Equation (1), E represents energy, m represents mass, and c represents the speed of light).

Manuscript Submission

Authors can submit their manuscripts through our online submission system (Login or Register to make a submission) using OJS, an efficient and user-friendly online submission platform. This system allows authors to create an account, upload their manuscript, track the review process, and communicate with the editors. Steps typically include registering on the journal's website, filling out submission forms, and uploading the necessary files.

Alternatively, manuscripts can be submitted via email to editor[at]sospublication[dot]co[dot]in. Please note that email submissions may experience slight delays in processing compared to online submissions.

Please note: Regardless of the submission method, all required documents must be included in your submission package.