A Study on Backfill Properties and Use of Fly Ash for Highway Embankments
Keywords:
Fly ash, Thermal power plantsAbstract
Fly ash a fine powder is thrown out in large quantities from thermal power plants as a waste material in a by-product of combustion of pulverized coal. The disposal of fly ash poses a serious problem considering the air, water and soil problems. The solution to this problem lies in its bulk utilization of fly ash at dumping sites. This paper is summarized with brief details of the properties and design aspects of fly ash used in highway embankments.
Downloads
References
Swain, A. (1979). Field studies of fly ash in partially submerged condition. Proceedings of Symposium on Engineering behavior of Industrial and Urban fill, Birmingham. pp. 14-18.
Gray, D.H. & Lin, Y.K. (1972). Engineering Properties of Compacted Fly Ash. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 98(4): 361–380.
Leonards, G.A. & Bailey, B. (1982). Pulverized coal ash as structural fill. J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(4): 517-531.
Murthy, A.V.S.R., Guru, U.K. & Havanagi, V.G. (2000). Construction of road embankments using flyash. In: Dayal, U., Sinha, R. & Kumar, V. (Eds.), Flyash Disposal and Deposition: Beyond 2000 AD, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India. pp. 198-203.
McKerall, W.C., Ledbetter, W.B. & Teague, D.J. (1982). Analysis of fly ashes produced in Texas. Research Report No. 240-1. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA. pp. 107.
Carlson, C.L. & Adriano, D.C. (1993). Environmental Impacts of Coal Combustion Residues. J. Environ. Qual., 22(2): 227–247. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200020002x.
Prasad. B., Singh, S.K. & Kumar, G. (2009). Best practices concerning fly ash with special reference to waste management. The IMEJ, 13-17.
Lamb, D.W. (1974). Ash disposal in dams, mounds, structural fills and retaining walls, Proceedings of the Third International Ash Utilization Symposium., U.S. Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No. 8640, Washington, DC. pp. 170-179.
McLaren, R.J. & DiGioia, A.M. (1987). The Typical Engineering Properties of Fly Ash. Proceeding of the Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal '87. Geotechnical Special Publication no. 13, Woods, R.D. (ed.), ASCE, New York. pp. 683–697.
DiGioia, A.M., McLaren, R.J. & Taylor, L.R. (1979). Fly ash structural fill Handbook. Electric Power Research Institute, Report No. EA-1281, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Hough, B.K. (1969). Basic soils engineering. Ronald Press Company, New York, USA.
Ranjan, G. & Rao, A.S.R. (2000). Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics. New Age International Limited, New Delhi.
Digioia, A.M. & Brendel, G.F. (1998). Coal Fly Ash as Structure Fill. Proceedings of International Conference on Fly Ash Disposal and Utilization, CBIP, New Delhi.
ASTM (1997). ASTM E1861, Standard guide for use of coal combustion by-products in structural fills. American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA.
AASHTO (1986). Guide for design of pavement structures. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA.
Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 2720): Methods of Test for Soils. New Delhi.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 The author(s) retains the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.