Assessment of toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin for Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus
Keywords:
Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustes fossilis, LC50Abstract
Insecticidal use in agriculture gained momentum around the mid-twentieth century. Fungicides are also used in agriculture for the prevention of fungal infection in seed grain. Later these compounds discharge in nearby water bodies and consumed by fishes and other aquatic life. These fat-soluble contaminants concentrate in the adipose tissue of fishes by bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The present study helps in assessment of toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid to fishes Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus.
Downloads
References
ACGIH (1991). Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th Edition, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bradbury, S.P. & Coats, J.R. (1989). Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid insecticides. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 108: 133–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_4.
Chambers, J.E. & Levi, P.E. (1992). Organophosphates: Chemistry, fate and effects. Academic Press, San Diego.
Worthing, C.R. & Hance, R.J. (1991). The Pesticide manual: a world compendium. 9th ed., Brit. Crop. Prot. Council.
Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit analysis. 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 333.
Fisher, R.A. & Yates, F. (1963). Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. 6th Ed., Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh and London. pp. 146.
Hayes, W.J. Jr. & Laws, E.R. Jr. (eds.) (1991). Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Volume 1: General principles; Volumes 2 and 3: Classes of pesticides. Academic Press, San Diego.
Hill, R.W. (1985). PP321: Determination of acute toxicity to Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of a 5% EC formulation (Unpublished proprietary report No. BL/B/2783, submitted to WHO by ICI).
Raizada, S. & Rana, K.S. (1998). Acute toxicity of malachite green to an air breathing teleost, Clarias batrachus (Linn). J. Environ. Biol., 19(3): 237-241.
Saha, S. & Kaviraj, A. (2003). Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Int. J. Toxicol., 22(4): 325–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810305122.
Smith, T.M. & Stratton, G.W. (1986). Effects of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on nontarget organisms. Residue Rev., 97: 93-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4934-4_4.
Smith, G.J. (1993). Toxicology & Pesticide Use in Relation to Wildlife: Organophosphorus & Carbamate Compounds. CK Smoley, Boca Raton, FL.
Subramanian, J., Nethaji, V. & Shashikumar, R. (2007). Toxic effects of the heavy metal chromium on the fresh water cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus). J. Exp. Zool., 10(2): 357-362.
The Agrochemicals Handbooks (1994). Royal Society of Chemistry Information Systems, 3rd ed. Unwin Brothers Ltd, Surrey.
US-EPA (1985). Pesticide fact sheet No 72: monocrotophos. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Venkatesan, R. & Subramanian, N. (2007). Effect of copper sulphate on histopathological changes in the freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 17(4): 353-361.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 The author(s) retains the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
