Anti-Allergic Compounds from Red Tomato Peel

Authors

  • I. Hossin Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
  • G. Talukder Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
  • Nitai Roy Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
  • Ranajit Kumar Shaha Faculty of Agro-Industry and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Keywords:

Lycopene, Eosinophils, Histamine release, RTPE (red colored tomato peel extract), YTPE (yellow/pink colored tomato peel extract), Tomato flesh extract (TFE)

Abstract

Daily food habit with anti-allergic activities is expected to prevent the onset of allergic diseases and ameliorate allergic symptoms. The red color of ripe tomato fruit is due mainly to the accumulation of the carotenoid all-trans-lycopene, which is produced during fruit ripening. Red tomato peel extract (RTPE) contain lycopene (450mg/ kg) and has been found to have anti-allergic effects on man compare its flesh extract and yellow tomato peel extract (YTPE). RTPE could possibly inhibit histamine release and relieve the symptoms of all types of allergy including cedar pollinosis. To evaluate the anti-allergic effect of RTPE, we performed a research study randomized, on three groups in 50 perennial allergy patients with red peel extract; yellow peel extract; tomato flesh and Dextrin (20 healthy university students as control). All patients using oral administration of red tomato peel extract (RTPE); yellow/pink tomato peel extract (YTPE) and tomato flesh extract (TFE) 30mg per day /patient each group and Dextrin as control (30mg per day /patient each group) for 56 days. We found that the skin test for allergy score significantly decreased in the RTPE group only at the end of the trial compared to the beginning and treated with YTPE and TFE groups. Besides this, we also found that sneezing score decreases significantly at the end of experiment time compare to the beginning (p<0.03). There were decreasing tendencies of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction in the RTPE group. The patients quality of life was significantly improved in the RTPE group after 56 days of treatment (p=0.02) but not in YTPE; tomato flesh extract (TFE) and dextrin group. A significant improvement in total symptom scores, combining sneezing, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, was observed after oral administration of RTPE for 56 days (p=0.01). Thus, this evidence will be helpful for the development of low molecular compounds for allergic diseases and it is expected that a dietary menu including an appropriate intake of carotenoids (fruits & vegetables) may provide a form of complementary and alternative medicine and a preventative strategy for allergic diseases.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S. & Pfander, H. (2004). Carotenoids Handbook. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel – Boston – Berlin. p 186.

Basu, A. & Imrhan, V. (2007). Tomatoes versus lycopene in oxidative stress and carcinogenesis: conclusions from clinical trials. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 61(3): 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602510.

Bovy, A.G., Gómez‐Roldán, V. & Hall, R.D. (2010). Strategies to Optimize the Flavonoid Content of Tomato Fruit. In: C. Santos‐Buelga, M.T. Escribano‐Bailon & V. Lattanzio (eds), Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford (in press).

Bovy, A., de Vos, R., Kemper, M., Schijlen, E., Almenar Pertejo, M., Muir, S., Collins, G., Robinson, S., Verhoeyen, M., Hughes, S., Santos-Buelga, C. & van Tunen, A. (2002). High-flavonol tomatoes resulting from the heterologous expression of the maize transcription factor genes LC and C1. Plant Cell, 14(10): 2509–2526. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.004218.

Bino, R.J., Ric de Vos, C.H., Lieberman, M., Hall, R.D., Bovy, A., Jonker, H.H., Tikunov, Y., Lommen, A., Moco, S. & Levin, I. (2005). The light-hyperresponsive high pigment-2dg mutation of tomato: alterations in the fruit metabolome. New Phytol., 166(2): 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01362.x.

Baba, K., Konno, A., Takenaka, Y. et al. (2002). Practical guideline for the measurement of allergic rhinitis in Japan. 4th edn. Tokyo: Life Science (in Japanese).

Di Mascio, P., Kaiser, S. & Sies, H. (1989). Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 274(2): 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(89)90467-0.

Enomoto, T., Dake, H., Shimada, T., Kawai, Y., Yamamoto, T. & Shirakawa, T. (2000). Effect of LFK (lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23) on Japanese cedar pollinosis. Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Tokyo, 43: 248-252 (in Japanese).

Fish, W.W., Perkins-Veazie, P. & Collins, J.K. (2002). A Quantitative Assay for Lycopene That Utilizes Reduced Volumes of Organic Solvents. J. Food Compos. Anal., 15(3): 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2002.1069.

Gerster, H. (1997). The potential role of lycopene for human health. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 16(2): 109–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1997.10718661.

Grotewold, E. (2006). The genetics and biochemistry of floral pigments. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 57: 761–780. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105248.

Hunt, G.M. & Baker, E.A. (1980). Phenolic constituents of tomato fruit cuticles. Phytochemistry, 19(7): 1415–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)80185-3.

Iijima, Y., Nakamura, Y., Ogata, Y., Tanaka, K., Sakurai, N., Suda, K., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, H., Okazaki, K., Kitayama, M., Kanaya, S., Aoki, K. & Shibata, D. (2008). Metabolite annotations based on the integration of mass spectral information. Plant J., 54(5): 949–962. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03434.x.

Kotani, M., Fujita, A. & Tanaka, T. (2000). Clinical effects of persimmon leaf extract on Japanese cedar pollinosis. The Allergy in Practice, 20: 398-401 (in Japanese).

López-Ráez, J.A., Charnikhova, T., Gómez-Roldán, V., Matusova, R., Kohlen, W., De Vos, R., Verstappen, F., Puech-Pages, V., Bécard, G., Mulder, P. & Bouwmeester, H. (2008). Tomato strigolactones are derived from carotenoids and their biosynthesis is promoted by phosphate starvation. New Phytol., 178(4): 863–874. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02406.x.

Lewinsohn, E., Sitrit, Y., Bar, E., Azulay, Y., Ibdah, M., Meir, A., Yosef, E., Zamir, D. & Tadmor, Y. (2005). Not just colors—carotenoid degradation as a link between pigmentation and aroma in tomato and watermelon fruit. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 16(9): 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.04.004.

Moco, S., Bino, R.J., Vorst, O., Verhoeven, H.A., de Groot, J., van Beek, T.A., Vervoort, J. & de Vos, C.H. (2006). A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome database for tomato. Plant Physiol., 141(4): 1205–1218. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.078428.

Muir, S.R., Collins, G.J., Robinson, S., Hughes, S., Bovy, A., De Vos, C.H.R., van Tunen, A.J. & Verhoeyen, M.E. (2001). Overexpression of petunia chalcone isomerase in tomato results in fruit containing increased levels of flavonols. Nat. Biotechnol., 19: 470–474. https://doi.org/10.1038/88150.

Naclerio, R.M. (1997). Pathophysiology of perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy, 52(36 Suppl): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb04816.x.

Perkins-Veazie, P., Collins, J.K., Pair, S.D. & Roberts, W. (2001). Lycopene content differs among red-fleshed watermelon cultivars. J. Sci. Food Agric., 81(10): 983–987. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.880.

Rao, A.V. & Rao, L.G. (2007). Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacol Res., 55(3): 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.012.

Ryu, Y., Fukuwatari, Y., Sato, N. et al. (2003). Basic and Clinical studies of anti-allergic activity and efficacy for prevention of allergy to cedar pollen of tomato skin extract. Eastern Med., 18: 39-54 (in Japanese).

Rao, A.V. & Agarwal, S. (1998). Bioavailability and in vivo antioxidant properties of lycopene from tomato products and their possible role in the prevention of cancer. Nutr. Cancer., 31(3): 199–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635589809514703.

Sandmann, G. (1994). Carotenoid biosynthesis in microorganisms and plants. Eur. J. Biochem., 223(1): 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18961.x.

Singh, P. & Goyal, G.K. (2008). Dietary Lycopene: Its Properties and Anticarcinogenic Effects. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 7(3): 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00044.x.

Schijlen, E.G.W.M., Beekwilder, J., Hall, R.D. & van der Meer, I.M. (2008). Boosting beneficial phytochemicals in vegetable crop plants. CAB Reviews, 3(025): 21.

Stahl, W. & Sies, H. (1996). Lycopene: a biologically important carotenoid for humans? Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 336(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1996.0525.

Sadler, G., Davis, J. & Dezman, D. (1990). Rapid Extraction of Lycopene and β-Carotene from Reconstituted Tomato Paste and Pink Grapefruit Homogenates. J. Food Sci., 55(5): 1460–1461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb03958.x.

Shimada, T., Cheng, L., Ide, M., Fukuda, S., Enomoto, T. & Shirakawa, T. (2003). Effect of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK) on allergen-induced peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils in mice. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 33(5): 684–687. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01654.x.

Shimada, T., Cheng, L., Yamasaki, A., Ide, M., Motonaga, C., Yasueda, H., Enomoto, K., Enomoto, T. & Shirakawa, T. (2004). Effects of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 on allergen-induced serum antibody responses and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 34(11): 1784–1788. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02092.x.

Shimada, T., Cheng, L., Enomoto, T., Yang, X., Miyoshi, A. & Shirakawa, T. (2004). Lysed enterococcus faecalis FK-23 oral administration reveals inverse association between tuberculin responses and clinical manifestations in perennial allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol., 14(3): 187–192.

Shimizu, K., Kondo, S., Takahashi, T. et al. (2005). Effect of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 in relieving clinical symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. J. JSMUFF, 3: 79-84 (in Japanese).

Tanaka, Y., Sasaki, N. & Ohmiya, A. (2008). Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids. Plant J., 54: 733–749.

Tamura, K. & Tomi, H. (1998). Effects of Red Perilla Extract on Symptoms of Pollinosis. Japanese Journal of Food Chemistry and Safety, 5(2): 239-243 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.18891/jjfcs.5.2_239.

Takano, H., Osakabe, N., Sanbongi, C., Yanagisawa, R., Inoue, K., Yasuda, A., Natsume, M., Baba, S., Ichiishi, E. & Yoshikawa, T. (2004). Extract of Perilla frutescens enriched for rosmarinic acid, a polyphenolic phytochemical, inhibits seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in humans. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 229(3): 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020422900305.

Ukai, K., Amesara, R. & Itakura, Y. (1995). Effect of candy containing the extract of Tien-cha (Rubs suavissimus) on perennial rhinitis. Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Tokyo, 38: 519-532 (in Japanese).

Ukai, K., Itakura, Y. & Tkakeuchi, K. et al. (1999). Effect of the drink contained the extract of Tien-cha (Rubs suavissimus) on Japanese cedar pollinosis. Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Tokyo, 42: 447-458 (in Japanese).

Wang, D.Y. & Clement, P. (2000). Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Am. J. Rhinol., 14: 325-333.

Xiao, J.Z., Kondo, S., Yanagisawa, N., Takahashi, N., Odamaki, T., Iwabuchi, N., Iwatsuki, K., Kokubo, S., Togashi, H., Enomoto, K. & Enomoto, T. (2006). Effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 [corrected] in relieving clinical symptoms and modulating plasma cytokine levels of Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol., 16(2): 86–93.

Young, A.J. & Frank, H.A. (1996). Energy transfer reactions involving carotenoids: quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 36(1): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(96)07397-6.

Yamamoto, T., Yoshimura, M., Yamaguchi, F., Kouchi, T., Tsuji, R., Saito, M., Obata, A. & Kikuchi, M. (2004). Anti-allergic activity of naringenin chalcone from a tomato skin extract. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 68(8): 1706–1711. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.1706.

Yamamoto, T., Kouchi, T., Yoshimura, M. et al. (2003). Study of Anti-allergic Components in Tomato. Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agro-Chemistry. Tokyo, 224 (in Japanese).

Yoshimura, M., Enomoto, T., Dake, Y., Okuno, Y., Ikeda, H., Cheng, L. & Obata, A. (2007). An evaluation of the clinical efficacy of tomato extract for perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergol. Int., 56(3): 225–230. https://doi.org/10.2332/allergolint.O-06-443.

Downloads

Abstract views: 30 / PDF downloads: 15

Published

2012-07-01

How to Cite

Hossin, I., Talukder, G., Roy, N., & Shaha, R. K. (2012). Anti-Allergic Compounds from Red Tomato Peel. Advances in BioScience, 3(3), 181–189. Retrieved from https://journals.sospublication.co.in/ab/article/view/90

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)