Aqueous Bark extract of Terminalia arjuna protects against Cigarette Smoke-induced alterations in Serum Lipid Profile of Albino Rats
Keywords:
Cigarette smoke, Albino rat, Serum lipid profile, Aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjunaAbstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against cigarette smoke-induced changes in serum lipid profile of albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups. One control group (I) and two experimental groups (II and III), all three groups consisting of five rats each. The control group (I) was unexposed to cigarette smoke. Experimental group (II) was exposed to cigarette smoke (6 cigarettes) for one hour/day for 30 days and experimental group (III) was exposed to cigarette smoke along with oral administration of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (5mg/rat/day) for 30 days. The findings showed a significant (P<0.01) increase in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with significant (P<0.01) decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in cigarette smoke-exposed albino rats in comparison to control rats while a significant (P<0.01) decrease in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with significant (P<0.01) increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) after oral administration of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna in comparison to cigarette smoke-exposed albino rats
Downloads
References
Carvalho, C.A., Favaro, W.J., Padovani, C.R. & Cagnon, V.H. (2006). Morphometric and ultrastructure features of the ventral prostate of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to long-term nicotine treatment. Andrologia, 38(4): 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2006.00728.x.
Shahid Chatha, S.A., Hussain, A.I., Asad, R., Majeed, M. & Aslam, N. (2014). Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Properties of Terminalia arjuna L. Extracts. J. Food Process. Technol., 5: 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000298.
Dutta, M., Ghosh, A.K., Basu, A., Bandyopadhyay, D. & Chattopadhyay, A. (2013). Protective effect of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against copper-ascorbate induced oxidative stress in vitro in goat heart mitochondria. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 5(2): 439-447.
Dwivedi, S. (2007). Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.—A useful drug for cardiovascular disorders. J. Ethnopharmacol., 114(2): 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.003.
Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. & Fredrickson, D.S. (1972). Estimation of the Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, Without Use of the Preparative Ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem., 18(6): 499–502. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499.
Garrido, R., Malecki, A., Hennig, B. & Toborek, M. (2000). Nicotine attenuates arachidonic acid-induced neurotoxicity in cultured spinal cord neurons. Brain Res., 861(1): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)01977-6.
Ghosh, A.K., Mitra, E., Dutta, M., Mukherjee, D., Basu, A., Firdaus, S.B., Bandyopadhyay, D. & Chattopadhyay, A. (2013). Protective effect of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna on Cu2+-ascorbate induced oxidative stress in vitro: Involvement of antioxidant mechanism(S). Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 6: 196–200.
Hecht, S.S. (2002). Cigarette smoking and lung cancer: chemical mechanisms and approaches to prevention. Lancet Oncol., 3(8): 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00815-x.
Ignácio, S.R., Ferreira, J.L., Almeida, M.B. & Kubelka, C.F. (2001). Nitric oxide production by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo treated with Phyllanthus tenellus extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 74(2): 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00371-8.
Kokkiripati, P.K., Kamsala, R.V., Bashyam, L., Manthapuram, N., Bitla, P., Peddada, V., Raghavendra, A.S. & Tetali, S.D. (2013). Stem-bark of Terminalia arjuna attenuates human monocytic (THP-1) and aortic endothelial cell activation. J. Ethnopharmacol., 146(2): 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.050.
Meenakshisundaram, R., Rajendiran, C. & Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, P. (2010). Lipid and lipoprotein profiles among middle aged male smokers: a study from southern India. Tob. Induc. Dis., 8(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-8-11.
Patel, K., Prajapati, P., Sanghavi, S. & Goplani, V. (2014). A Study on Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Blood Cholesterol in Young Population of Ahmedabad. International Journal of Basic & Applied Physiology, 3(1): 106-110.
Prakash, D., Suri, S., Upadhyay, G. & Singh, B.N. (2007). Total phenol, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 58(1): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480601093269.
Rashan, M.A., Dawood, O.T., Razzaq, H.A. & Hassali, M.A. (2016). The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Lipid Profile among Iraqi Smokers. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 8(8): 491–500.
Reaven, G. & Tsao, P.S. (2003). Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: the key player between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 41(6): 1044–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02982-0.
Roeschlau, P., Bernt, E. & Gruber, W. (1974). Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem., 12(5): 226.
Schettler, G. & Nussel, E. (1975). Determination of triglycerides ARB. Med. SO2 Med. Prav. Med., 10: 25–28.
Sharma, S., Sharma, D. & Agarwal, N. (2012). Diminishing effect of arjuna tree (Terminalia arjuna) bark on the lipid and oxidative stress status of high fat high cholesterol fed rats and development of certain dietary recipes containing the tree bark for human consumption. Research in Pharmacy, 2(4): 22-30.
Singh, U.P., Singh, D.P., Maurya, S., Maheshwari, R., Singh, M., Dubey, R.S. & Singh, R.B. (2004). Investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeuthic properties. J. Herb. Pharmacother., 4(4): 27–42.
Soleimani, E. & Rahmani Kahnamoei, J. (2014). The effect of the lateral cigarette smoke on serum lipid profiles in diabetic rats. Cibtech Journal of Zoology, 3(3): 116-119.
WHO (2008). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008. The MPOWER package. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Wybenga, D.R., Pileggi, V.J., Dirstine, P.H. & Di Giorgio, J. (1970). Direct manual determination of serum total cholesterol with a single stable reagent. Clin. Chem., 16(12): 980–984. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/16.12.980.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 The author(s) retains the copyright of this article.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
